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Engineering Innovations Modernizing the Enshu Line has required cutting-edge solutions. The use of compact transmission towers (p. 92) reduces land use, a critical factor in mountainous Kyoto, where space is limited. Additionally, the line employs high-temperature superconducting cables in select sections, a technology tested during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for efficiency and reduced energy loss. These advancements, detailed in pages 105–112, lower operational costs while aligning with Japan’s carbon neutrality goals.